Education learning outcomes in low and middle-income countries are still insufficient and unequally distributed. Several factors are behind this situation, many of which relate to education funding: low absolute expenditure per student; increasing gaps in spending levels between developed and developing countries; unequal distribution of key education inputs; inefficient use of pedagogical resources and low levels of innovation; inadequate political economy frameworks, in which rich individuals are incentivised to opt out of an already weakened public sector. Recommendations to deal with these problems are presented in order to provide not only more investment, but also a more effective and equitable use of resources.

Task Force: The Future of Work and Education for the Digital Age